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Scottish inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques which owe their existence either partially or entirely to a person born in or descended from Scotland; in some cases, the invention\'s Scottishness is determined by the fact that they were brought into existence in Scotland (e.g. animal cloning), by non-Scots working in the country. Often, things which are discovered for the first time, are also called "inventions", and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two.
The Scots take enormous pride in the history of Scottish invention and discovery. There are many books devoted solely to the subject, as well as scores of websites listing Scottish inventions and discoveries with varying degrees of exhaustiveness and accuracy.
Even before the Industrial Revolution, Scots have been at the forefront of innovation and discovery across a wide range of spheres: the steam engine,the flush toilet the bicycle, tarmacadam roads, the telephone, television, the motion picture, penicillin, electromagnetics, radar, insulin and calculus are only a few of the most significant products of Scottish ingenuity.
The following is a list of inventions or discoveries often held to be in some way Scottish:
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Scots have been instrumental in the invention and early development of several sports:
Economist Adam Smith; Smith was born in 1723, hailing from Kirkaldy, a Scottish town north of Edinburgh; the 18th century Scot considered to be the father of modern economics; Smith\'s ``An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, which argued that minimal government interference in commerce would promote human welfare and alleviate poverty, was published in 1776. He is the first Scotsman to appear on the central bank\'s currency in England, replacing Elgar\'s image in the next few years on as many as 1 billion notes.
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This article or section includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. You can improve this article by introducing more precise citations. |
John Loudon MacAdam 1756-1836. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
Kirkpatrick Macmillan. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
Robert William Thomson, Scotland\'s forgotten inventor. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
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